《北方农业学报》：“蔬菜”相关双语文章推荐

本期精选发表于《北方农业学报》的5篇双语文章，内容涵盖甜菜、马铃薯、番茄等蔬菜作物的栽培与遗传育种等相关研究，欢迎阅读！

文章推荐

01

基于CRISPR/Cas9技术创建甜菜BvCENH3基因突变体的研究

Research on the construction of sugar beet BvCENH3 gene mutants based on CRISPR/Cas9 technology

摘要：【目的】通过CRISPR/Cas9技术对甜菜BvCENH3基因进行编辑，建立甜菜高效基因组编辑技术体系。【方法】以BvCENH3为编辑目标，设计双靶标构建基因编辑载体，通过农杆菌侵染甜菜叶柄获得转基因植株，利用二代测序技术检测转基因植株突变情况，通过微滴数字PCR技术筛选低拷贝编辑植株。【结果】获得82株甜菜转基因植株，其中40株被成功编辑，编辑效率为48.78%，靶标1效率优于靶标2。突变类型有单碱基替换（T→G、A→C）、碱基缺失（TC、TCTC缺失）等5种。筛选出23株低拷贝编辑植株，BvCENH3插入拷贝数为1.1～1.9。【结论】成功对甜菜BvCENH3进行定点编辑，获得40株BvCENH3基因突变体。初步创建了甜菜基因组编辑技术体系，为甜菜单倍育种奠定了理论与技术基础。

Abstract:[Objective] The CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to edit the BvCENH3 gene in sugar beet aiming to establish an efficient genome editing system. [Methods] Taking sugar beet BvCENH3 gene as the editing target, double candidate targets were selected to construct gene editing vector. Transgenic sugar beet plants were produced through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Next generation sequencing technology was utilized to identify the mutation types and droplet digital PCR was employed to screen low-copy mutant plants. [Results] 82 transgenic sugar beet plants were obtained, 40 of which were successfully edited, with an editing efficiency of 48.78%. Target 1 was more efficient than target 2. There were five mutation types, including single base substitution (T→G, A→C) and base deletion (TC, TCTC deletion). 23 low-copy edited plants were selected, with BvCENH3 insertion copy numbers ranging from 1.1 to 1.9. [Conclusion] This paper successfully edited BvCENH3 in sugar beet with 40 BvCENH3 gene mutants obtained, and preliminary established sugar beet genome editing system, laying theoretical and technical foundations for sugar beet haploid breeding.

02

基于表型性状的马铃薯种质资源遗传多样性分析

Genetic diversity analysis of potato germplasm resources based on phenotypic traits

摘要：【目的】对30份马铃薯种质资源进行遗传多样性评价，为更好地利用马铃薯种质资源及品种创新提供理论依据。【方法】基于差异性，利用多样性指数、主成分分析、相关性分析和聚类分析对30份马铃薯种质资源的遗传多样性进行评价。【结果】马铃薯品种（系）质量性状多样性指数为0.673～1.424，其中，叶片颜色、肉色、薯形遗传多样性指数较高；数量性状遗传多样性指数为1.705～1.997，其中，商品薯率最大、主茎数最小。主成分分析结果表明，前4个主成分累计贡献率为75.989%，可反映大部分性状信息。相关性分析结果表明，株高与商品薯率、产量均呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。通过聚类分析，将30份马铃薯种质资源分为3大类群，第Ⅰ类群包含8份材料、第Ⅱ类群包含9份材料、第Ⅲ类群包含13份材料。【结论】30份马铃薯种质资源可分为3大类群，变异丰富，遗传多样性广泛。

Abstract:【Objective】To make full use of potato germplasm resources and provide a theoretical basis for potato variety creation, the genetic diversity of 30 collections was evaluated. 【Methods】The genetic diversity evaluation of 30 potato germplasm resources was analyzed and evaluated by the difference, genetic diversity index, principal component analysis, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis. 【Results】The diversity index of quality traits of potato varieties (lines) ranged from 0.673 to 1.424. The diversity index of leaf color, flesh color, and tuber shape was high. The diversity index of quantitative traits ranged from 1.705 to 1.997, with the commercial potato rate being the highest and the number of main stems being the lowest. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components was 75.989%, which could cover information for most characters. Correlation analysis showed that plant height was positive ( P < 0.05) correlated with the rate of commercial potato and yield. Thirty potato germplasm resources were divided into three groups using cluster analysis. Group Ⅰ contained eight materials; group Ⅱ contained nine materials, and group Ⅲ contained 13 materials.【Conclusion】The 30 potato germplasm resources were classified into three major groups, with rich variation and wide genetic diversity.

03

设施番茄灰霉病病原菌的分离与鉴定

Isolation and identification of gray mold pathogen on facility tomato

摘要：【目的】明确设施番茄灰霉病的病原菌种类。【方法】对采自内蒙古呼和浩特市和乌兰察布市3个设施番茄种植地块的疑似灰霉病病样进行分离，利用形态学、分子生物学方法对分离菌株进行鉴定，在离体茎秆和果实上依照柯赫氏法则进行病原菌致病性回接测定和再分离。【结果】从病茎和病果上共分离到7株病原菌，ITS rDNA序列与灰葡萄孢菌（Botrytis cinerea）的同源性为99.60%～100%（GenBank的序列登录号为KP151610、KX426964、ON566787），说明7株菌均属于灰葡萄孢菌。挑选其中2株菌G4和JW1接种到健康的设施番茄茎秆和果实上，灰霉病的发病率为100%。【结论】引起设施番茄灰霉病的病原菌为灰葡萄孢菌。

Abstract: [Objective] To identify the pathogen species causing gray mold on facility tomato. [Methods] Suspected gray mold disease samples were isolated from tomato cultivation plots in three facilities in Hohhot City and Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia. Morphological and molecular biology methods were used to identify the isolated strains. The pathogenicity of the pathogens was determined and re-isolated on detached stems and fruits according to Koch’s rule. [Results] Seven strains of pathogen were isolated from diseased stems and fruits. The ITS rDNA sequences were 99.60%–100% homologous with Botrytis cinerea (GenBank registration number KP151610, KX426964, and ON566787), indicating that all the seven strains were Botrytis cinerea. Two strains, G4 and JW1, were selected and inoculated on the stems and fruits of healthy facility tomato. The incidence rate of gray mold was 100%. [Conclusion] The gray mold pathogen in facility tomato was Botrytis cinerea.

04

大蒜病毒多重RT-PCR检测体系的建立与应用

Development and application of a multiplex RT-PCR detection system for garlic viruses

摘要：【目的】建立一套多重RT-PCR方法，用于同时检测和鉴别大蒜大田植株和组培苗5种病毒/病毒组。【方法】根据相关文献和GenBank公布的参考病毒株序列，设计了5对分别针对青葱潜隐病毒（Shallot latent virus，ShLV）、大蒜普通潜隐病毒（Garlic common latent virus，GarCLV）、韭葱黄条病毒（Leek yellow stripe virus，LYSV）、洋葱黄矮病毒（Onion yellow dwarf virus，OYDV）和青葱X病毒属病毒（allexiviruses）的特异性引物，扩增产物大小分别为592、431、338、265、190 bp。利用建立的多重RT-PCR方法，分别对24份大蒜组培苗和48份大田样本进行病毒检测分析。【结果】通过单重/多重PCR及序列比对验证了检测系统的特异性。通过退火温度和引物比例优化，确定退火温度为56.6℃且ShLV、GarCLV、LYSV、OYDV、allexiviruses引物体积比为10∶8∶3∶3∶16时，扩增效果最好。5种病毒/病毒组的最低检测浓度均为1.0×102copies/μL。大蒜组培苗病毒检测结果具有丰富的多样性，大田样品被至少2种病毒/病毒组感染，病毒/病毒组之间可以清晰区分。【结论】开发的多重RT-PCR方法可以快速、有效地检测和鉴别大蒜ShLV、GarCLV、LYSV、OYDV和allexiviruses这5种病毒/病毒组的感染情况。

Abstract: [Objective] To establish a multiplex RT-PCR system for simultaneous detection and identification of 5 viruses/virus groups in garlic field plants and tissue cultured plantlets. [Methods] Based on relevant literature and the reference virus sequences registered in GenBank, 5 sets of specific primers were designed for shallot latent virus (ShLV), garlic common latent virus (GarCLV), leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV), onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), and allexiviruses, with amplicon size of 592, 431, 338, 265, and 190 bp, respectively. Using the established multiplex RT-PCR method, virus detection and analysis were conducted on 24 garlic tissue cultured plantlets and 48 field samples. [Results] The specificity of the detection system was verified by single/multiplex PCR and sequence alignment. By adjusting the annealing temperature and primer ratio, the optimal amplification effect was achieved at 56.6 ℃ annealing temperature and the primer volume ratio of ShLV, GarCLV, LYSV, OYDV, and allexiviruses at 10 : 8 : 3 : 3 : 16. All 5 viruses/virus groups had a minimum detection concentration of 1.0 × 10 2 copies/μL. The virus detection results of garlic tissue cultured plantlets were rich in diversity. The field samples were infected with at least 2 viruses/virus groups, and the viruses/virus groups could be clearly distinguished. [Conclusion] The developed multiplex RT-PCR system quickly and effectively detected and differentiated the infection status of the five viruses/virus groups in garlic, including ShLV, GarCLV, LYSV, OYDV, and allexiviruses.

05

盐和干旱胁迫对沙葱种子萌发的影响

Effects of salt and drought stress on seed germination of Allium mongolicum Regel

摘要：【目的】探究盐和干旱胁迫对沙葱种子萌发的影响，为沙葱人工栽培和抗逆性研究提供参考依据。【方法】以沙葱种子为试验材料，采用不同浓度NaCl、Na2SO4混合的中性盐溶液和PEG-6000溶液分别模拟盐和干旱胁迫，测定其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数，并通过相对发芽率与各处理浓度建立的函数方程确定其种子的耐受性。【结果】随着盐和干旱胁迫的增强，沙葱种子的萌发指标均逐渐下降，初始萌发时间延迟。当盐浓度为75 mmol/L和150 mmol/L时，种子萌发时间分别延迟至第3天和第5天，其发芽率分别下降到23.33%和12.66%；当PEG-6000浓度为15%和20%时，种子萌发时间分别延迟至第3天和第4天，其发芽率分别下降到38.66%和25.33%。沙葱种子耐盐和耐旱半致死渗透势分别为-0.20 MPa和-3.80 MPa，耐盐和耐旱极限渗透势分别为-0.60 MPa和-7.38 MPa。【结论】轻度干旱环境并未明显抑制沙葱种子的萌发，其耐旱极限渗透势为-7.38 MPa；低渗盐溶液显著抑制沙葱种子的萌发，其耐盐极限渗透势为-0.60 MPa。

Abstract: [Objective] To explore the effects of salt and drought stress on Allium mongolicum Regel seed germination, and to provide references for the study of artificial cultivation and stress tolerance of Allium mongolicum Regel. [Methods] Taking Allium mongolicum Regel seeds as test material, different concentrations of NaCl and Na2SO4 neutral salt mix solution and PEG-6000 solution were used to simulate salt and drought stress. The germination rate, germination potential, germination index and vitality index were tested. The functional equation created by the relative germination rate and each treatment concentration was used to determine the seed tolerance. [Results] Allium mongolicum Regel seeds germination indicators gradually decreased as salt and drought stress increased, and the initial germination time was delayed. When the salt concentration was 75 mmol/L and 150 mmol/L, seed germination time was delayed to day 3 and day 5, respectively, and the germination rate fell to 23.33% and 12.66%, respectively. When the concentration of PEG-6000 was 15% and 20%, the seed germination time was delayed to day 3 and day 4, respectively, and the germination rate fell to 38.66% and 25.33%, respectively. The salt tolerance and drought resistance semi-lethal osmotic potentials were −0.20 MPa and −3.80 MPa, and the salt tolerance and drought resistance limit osmotic potentials were −0.60 MPa and −7.38 MPa, respectively. [Conclusion] The seed germination of Allium mongolicum Regel was not significantly suppressed under mild drought stress, with drought tolerance limit osmotic potential of −7.38 MPa. Low-permeability salt solution significantly inhibited Allium mongolicum Regel seed germination, with salt tolerance limit osmotic potential of −0.60 MPa.

期刊推荐

《北方农业学报》创刊于1973年，是内蒙古农牧业科学院主管主办的农业综合性期刊。办刊宗旨：立足内蒙古和我国北方地区农业科技领域，报道农业科学研究和技术创新成果，增进农业科研与教学人员之间学术交流，促进我国北方地区农业科学技术发展。主要栏目：（1）作物遗传育种、作物栽培、种质资源、分子生物学；（2）生理生化、土壤肥料、节水灌溉；（3）植物保护、农业生态环境、农业气象；（4）园艺、草业；（5）水产、农产品加工；（6）农业经济、农业信息技术。

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