Are you struggling with the TOEFL reading section?
你正在为托福阅读部分而苦恼吗？
Do you feel like time runs out before you even finish the reading passage?
你有没有觉得时间不够用，甚至还没读完阅读文章就已经到了时间？
Or maybe you just can't figure out why the correct answer is right and yours isn't?
或者你只是不清楚为什么正确答案是对的，而你的答案不对？
In today's video, we're going to break down a real TOEFL reading passage, step by step.
在今天的视频中，我们将逐步解析一篇真实的托福阅读文章。
You'll learn how to recognize different question types, apply the right strategies, and avoid the common traps that lower your score.
你将学会如何识别不同类型的题目，应用正确的解题策略，并避免那些会降低分数的常见陷阱。
And the best part?
而且最棒的是？
We'll go through it together, one question at a time, so you can build the skills you need to reach your target score.
我们将逐个问题一起过一遍，这样你就能培养出达到目标分数所需的技能。
This passage is about Alfred Wegener and the theory of continental drift.
本文讲述的是阿尔弗雷德·魏格纳和大陆漂移理论。
which falls under the topic of geology.
这属于地质学的主题。
Let's dive in.
让我们开始吧。
Question 1.
问题 1.
According to paragraph 1, the presence of non-volcanic islands was an indication to Wegener that… This is a factual information question.
根据第一段，非火山岛的存在表明韦格纳……这是一道实际信息题。
It asks us to find a fact that's clearly stated in the passage, not to guess, infer, or assume anything.
它要求我们找出文章中明确陈述的实际，而不是猜测、推断或假设任何内容。
You usually have 35 minutes to complete the reading section, which includes two passages with 10 questions each.
你一般有35分钟完成阅读部分，其中包括两篇短文，每篇10道题。
So about 1 minute and 45 seconds per question.
每道题大约1分45秒。
Naturally, some questions are easier, while others are more challenging.
自然地，有些问题较容易，而另一些则更具挑战性。
Some will take more time, some less.
有些需要更长时间，有些则较少。
But when you're practicing, let's push ourselves a bit and aim to answer each question in just 1 minute and 30 seconds.
但当你练习时，让我们稍微加把劲，争取每道题都在1分30秒内完成。
If you feel like you need more time, feel free to pause the video and take as long as you need.
如果你觉得需要更多时间，可以随时暂停视频，花足够的时间。
Time starts now!
时间开始！
Well, it's time to check your answers.
好了，是时候核对你的答案了。
Let's see if you used the right strategy.
让我们看看你是否使用了正确的策略。
Did you find the keywords in the question?
你找到问题中的关键词了吗？
If yes, great job!
如果有的话，做得好！
If not, make sure to do that next time.
如果不是这样，下次必定要注意。
Keywords are essential for locating the right part of the paragraph more quickly.
关键词对于快速定位段落中正确部分至关重大。
The keywords in the question are non-volcanic islands.
问题中的关键词是非火山岛。
As I scan the text, I find this sentence.
当我浏览文本时，我找到了这句话。
As the continent broke up, the pieces moving apart left bits behind, explaining the presence of non-volcanic islands and island chains, according to Wegener.
根据魏格纳的说法，大陆分裂时，各部分相互分离，留下了一些碎片，这解释了非火山岛和岛链的存在。
In this case, I recommend reading one sentence before it to better understand the context.
在这种情况下，我提议先读一下前一句，以更好地理解上下文。
All the continents had been joined in the supercontinent of Pangaea.
所有的大陆都曾合并成一个超级大陆——泛大陆。
This means that all the continents were once part of one large landmass, which later broke into smaller pieces.
这意味着所有的大陆曾经是一个巨大陆地的一部分，后来分裂成了较小的块体。
That's why B is the correct answer.
这就是为什么B是正确答案。
Easy, right?
容易，对吧？
Let's move on.
我们继续往下看。
This is a rhetorical purpose question.
这是一个修辞目的问题。
These questions ask why the author includes a specific detail, example, or sentence in the passage.
这些题目要求考生分析作者在文中加入某个特定细节、例子或句子的缘由。
Try answering this question on your own first.
先自己试着回答这个问题。
The keywords here are clearly the Andes and Himalaya mountains, and I can easily spot them just one sentence after the one I've just read.
这里的关键词显然是安第斯山脉和喜马拉雅山脉，我可以在刚读完的那句话之后的一句话中轻易找到它们。
I should also read the sentence in between to get more context.
我也应该阅读中间的句子以获得更多上下文信息。
Where the moving pieces collided, mountains formed.
当移动的板块相互碰撞时，山脉便形成了。
They were thrust up either by the blowing of the continents through the Seema, as in the case of the Andes, or by colliding of two blocks of sial, as in the case of the Himalayas.
它们要么像安第斯山脉那样，因大陆在塞马上被吹起而隆起；要么像喜马拉雅山脉那样，因两块硅质地壳板块相互碰撞而隆起。
This means that the Andes and the Himalayas were formed in different ways, which make answer B correct.
这意味着安第斯山脉和喜马拉雅山脉的形成方式不同，因此选项B是正确的。
Great job!
干得好！
On to the next question.
接下来是下一个问题。
Question 3.
问题 3.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?
以下哪个句子最准确地表达了文中突出显示句子的基本信息？
Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
错误选项会大幅改变原意或遗漏重大信息。
This is a sentence simplification question.
这是一个句子简化题。
It basically asks you to choose one sentence that is a simpler version of a more complicated sentence from the passage.
它基本上要求你选择一个句子，这个句子是对文中一个更复杂句子的简化版本。
Let's sink our teeth into it.
让我们深入探讨一下。
Remember the strategy for this question type.
记住这种题型的解题策略。
First, read the sentence, then break it down into two or three main ideas.
第一，阅读这句话，然后将其分解为两到三个主要观点。
Pay close attention to any linking words or conjunctions, and then formulate your own summary before looking at the answer choices.
仔细留意任何连接词或连词，然后在查看选项之前先自己总结一下。
Let's give it a try!
让我们试一下！
As for the force driving continental drift, Wegener initially invoked pole-flicked craft, a force causing flight from the poles as a result of Earth's rotation, and later the tidal force resulting from the gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon and Sun.
至于推动大陆漂移的力，魏格纳最初提出极地飞离力，即地球自转导致物体远离两极的力，后来又提出潮汐力，即地球与月球、太阳之间的引力作用所产生的力。
Let's not worry too much about the complicated words and instead focus on understanding the main ideas.
我们不必过于担心那些复杂的词汇，而应专注于理解主要内容。
If you don't know what invoked means, you can still make a good guess from the context.
如果你不知道“invoked”是什么意思，也可以根据上下文做出合理的猜测。
We already know that the supercontinent broke apart into smaller pieces and that this process led to the formation of mountains.
我们已经知道，超大陆分裂成了较小的块体，这一过程导致了山脉的形成。
The highlighted sentence explains why this happened.
突出显示的句子解释了为什么会发生这种情况。
What force caused it?
是什么力量导致了它？
Let's break it down into the main ideas.
让我们将其分解为主要内容。
Wegener first invoked one force, called Hohlfluchtkraft, and later referred to another force.
魏格纳最初提出了一种称为“空腔逃逸力”的力，后来又提到了另一种力。
I can guess that invoked is similar to suggested or believed.
我可以猜出“invoked”与“suggested”或“believed”意思相近。
In other words, Wegener first thought one force caused the breakup and then later thought it was another.
换句话说，魏格纳最初认为是某种力导致了大陆分裂，但后来又认为是另一种力。
This makes answer C correct.
这就说明答案C是正确的。
As you can see, the reading section of the TOEFL is tricky because it requires a level of focus, vocabulary, and strategy that most students have never been properly taught.
如你所见，托福阅读部分很难，由于它要求学生具备专注力、词汇量和策略，而这些大多数学生从未接受过系统的训练。
Some typical issues are students don't finish on time, they second-guess their answers, and even when they do know the strategies, they struggle to apply them under pressure.
一些常见问题包括学生无法按时完成，他们会反复怀疑自己的答案，即使他们知道解题策略，但在压力下也难以应用。
I've worked with hundreds of TOEFL students, and what's interesting is that when they take individual lessons with me, many of them end up asking about the reading section instead of the speaking or writing.
我教过数百名托福学生，有趣的是，当他们单独跟我上课时，许多人最后问的都是阅读部分，而不是口语或写作部分。
That's because it's hard to find materials that truly help you prepare for this part of the test effectively.
这是由于很难找到真正有助于你有效准备这一部分考试的材料。
Our TOEFL course is designed to solve that.
我们的托福课程正是为解决这个问题而设计的。
It gives you a clear system for tackling every question type, plus the academic vocabulary and time management skills you need to finish with confidence.
它为你提供了一个清晰的系统，以应对各种题型，同时还提供了学术词汇和时间管理技能，让你有信心顺利完成。
At the end of the course, you'll receive a personal consultation with me to evaluate your speaking and writing, so you'll know exactly where you stand before test day.
课程结束时，您将获得一次与我一对一的咨询，评估您的口语和写作水平，以便在考试前清楚了解自己的实际水平。
If you're ready to stop guessing and start improving with a real plan, click the link below and join our TOEFL community.
如果你准备停止猜测，开始按照切实可行的计划提升成绩，请点击下方链接，加入我们的托福学习社群。
Now, question 4.
目前，第4题。
What does paragraph 2 suggest about how Holmes influenced Wagener's thinking?
第二段暗示了霍尔姆斯如何影响了魏格纳的思考？
This is an inference question.
这是一个推断题。
Why?
为什么？为什么？
Because it asks you what the paragraph suggests, not what it says directly.
由于它问的是段落暗示的内容，而不是直接陈述的内容。
You have to read between the lines to understand how Holmes influenced Wegener, based on clues in the paragraph.
你必须根据段落中的线索，透过字面理解霍尔姆斯是如何影响魏格纳的。
Let's walk through this question together.
让我们一起来看看这个问题。
First, what should you focus on while reading the paragraph?
第一，阅读段落时你应该关注什么？
Holmes and the influence he had on Wegener.
霍尔姆斯及其对魏格纳的影响。
Also, as you read the paragraph, try to break it down into a few simple main ideas.
同时，当你阅读这段文字时，试着将其分解为几个简单的主旨。
In paragraph 2, we see that Holmes introduced a mechanism, convection in the mantle, to explain how continents could move.
在第二段中，我们看到霍尔姆斯提出了一种机制——地幔对流，用以解释大陆是如何移动的。
Then the passage says that Wegener adopted Holmes' mechanism in the last version of his theory.
接着文章提到，韦格纳在理论的最后一个版本中采用了霍尔姆斯的机制。
So, what does this suggest about Holmes' influence?
那么，这说明霍姆斯的影响如何呢？
Why did Wegener use Holmes' mechanism?
为什么魏格纳要使用霍尔姆斯的机制？
He likely provided Wegener with a better explanation of how the continents moved and how mountains formed.
他很可能为魏格纳提供了关于大陆如何移动以及山脉如何形成的更佳解释。
That's exactly what Answer D says.
这正是选项D所说的。
It's not just about inspiration.
这不仅仅是关于灵感。
It's about Holmes providing a clearer mechanism that Wegener later accepted.
这是关于霍尔姆斯提供了一个更清晰的机制，后来韦格纳接受了这一观点。
So D is the best answer.
因此，D 是最佳答案。
Let's keep going.
继续前进吧。
Question 5.
问题5.
What is the importance of Wagener's observation that the Appalachians, which can be traced northward through the Canadian Maritime Provinces, match the Caledonian Mountains in Scotland and Norway?
魏格纳观察到阿巴拉契亚山脉向北延伸经加拿大海洋省份，与苏格兰和挪威的喀里多尼亚山脉相吻合，这一发现有何重大意义？
First, the question is not a factual information question.
第一，这个问题不是实际信息题。
As you might have thought, Although it looks like a factual information question, it's actually a rhetorical purpose question, and it should be solved like one.
正如你可能想到的，虽然这看起来像是一道实际信息题，但实际上是一道修辞目的题，应该按此类题目来解答。
That means I have to decide why the author uses the phrase in bold in the paragraph.
这意味着我必须判断作者在段落中使用加粗短语的缘由。
The phrase in bold contains many details, including different names.
加粗的短语包含许多细节，包括不同的名称。
This suggests that it probably illustrates something.
这表明它很可能是在说明某件事情。
It's an example of a point mentioned earlier in the text.
这是文中前面提到的一个观点的例子。
Let's look at the sentence before the highlighted phrase.
让我们看看划线短语前的那句话。
We learn that Wegener showed not only that the coastlines on opposite sides of the Atlantic fit together, but that geologic features on the different continents fit as well.
我们了解到，魏格纳不仅表明大西洋两岸的海岸线能够吻合，而且不同大陆上的地质特征也能相互匹配。
Then the text continues with one more detail that supports this finding.
然后，文本接着又提供了一个支持这一发现的细节。
This means that answer A, it provides additional evidence for Wegener's claim that separate continents were once connected to each other is correct.
这意味着选项A正确，由于它为魏格纳关于各大陆曾经相互连接的主张提供了额外的证据。
As you can see, it's important to know the question types and the strategies to solve them.
如你所见，了解题型和解题策略超级重大。
You should never rely too much on keywords to identify the question type.
你不应过分依赖关键词来判断题目类型。
Sometimes the question might look like one type, but actually be another.
有时候，问题看起来像一种类型，但实际上却是另一种。
And you'll waste time trying to solve it using the wrong strategy.
而且你会浪费时间，尝试用错误的方法来解决它。
But when you can recognize question types quickly and know how to approach each one, TOEFL reading becomes so much easier.
但当你能快速识别题型并知道如何应对每种题型时，托福阅读就会变得容易得多。
Question 6.
问题 6.
the word asserted in the passage is closest in meaning to.
文中“asserted”一词最接近的意思是。
This is a vocabulary question.
这是一个词汇题。
It asks you to choose the meaning of a word based on how it's used in the passage.
它要求你根据文中词语的用法来选择该词的含义。
Sometimes these questions are easy and sometimes they're a bit tricky.
有时这些问题很简单，有时则有点棘手。
Okay, let's break it down.
好的，我们来分解一下。
The sentence says, he asserted that the Appalachians match the Caledonian mountains.
这句话说，他断言阿巴拉契亚山脉与喀里多尼亚山脉相吻合。
Now, did he question it?
那么，他质疑过吗？
Doubt it?
怀疑吗？
Repeat it?
重复吗？
No, he was making a claim.
不，他是在提出一个主张。
So the best synonym here is A, claimed.
因此，这里最好的同义词是A，即“声称”。
Question seven.
问题七。
Mesosaurus is mentioned in paragraph 3 to make which of the following points.
在第3段中提到Mesosaurus是为了说明以下哪个观点？
This is again a rhetorical purpose question.
这又是一道修辞目的题。
It asks why the author includes a specific example, detail, or reference.
它询问作者为何包含某个特定的例子、细节或引用。
In this case, mesosaurus.
在这种情况下，是鱼龙。
It's not just asking what the text says about mesosaurus.
这不仅仅是询问文本中关于鱼龙的信息。
That would be a factual information question.
那将是一个实际信息类问题。
but rather, what role does this detail play in the paragraph?
而是，这一细节在段落中起什么作用？
Give it a try.
试试看。
Let's think this through.
让我们来仔细想想。
Wegener uses Mesosaurus as an example.
魏格纳以中龙为例。
But why?
但是为什么？
Mesosaurus was a reptile, and its fossils were found on both sides of the Atlantic.
鱼龙是一种爬行动物，它的化石在大西洋两岸都被发现过。
Yet, it couldn't have swum across the ocean because it wasn't a strong swimmer.
不过，它不可能游过海洋，由于它不是一位强壮的游泳者。
That supports the idea that the continents were once connected.
这支持了大陆曾经相连的观点。
that those land areas were likely part of the same continent.
这些陆地地区很可能是同一块大陆的一部分。
That's exactly what option D says.
这正是选项D所说的。
The lack of this species' swimming ability supports the idea that the shores where its fossils were found must have been joined at one time.
这种动物缺乏游泳能力，这支持了其化石发现地的海岸在某个时期曾相连的观点。
Well done!
干的好！
Question 8.
问题8.
What was the dilemma that Wegener solved?
魏格纳解决了什么难题？
This is another factual information question.
这也是一个实际信息题。
Let's go!
我们走吧！
The key word in this question is dilemma.
这个问题的关键字是“困境”。
I can easily spot it in the last sentence of the paragraph.
我很容易就在段落的最后一句中发现它。
So, Wagner solved the dilemma.
因此，魏格纳解决了这个难题。
But what exactly was the dilemma?
但究竟什么是难题呢？
Let's look at the previous sentence to figure that out.
让我们来看看前一句话，弄清楚这一点。
Particularly puzzling was evidence suggesting that widely different climates in different regions had occurred at the same time.
尤其令人困惑的是，有证据表明，不同地区在同时期出现了截然不同的气候。
So one could not account for different climates by claiming simply that the whole of Earth was once hotter or once cooler than now.
因此，不能简单地用地球整体曾经比目前更热或更冷来解释不同气候的存在。
This sentence describes a strange situation, climate differences happening at the same time in different places.
这句话描述了一种奇怪的情况，即在不同地方同时出现气候差异。
So the dilemma is this.
因此，困境就在于此。
How can totally different climates occur at the same time in different regions?
为什么在不同地区会同时出现截然不同的气候？
That's exactly what answer C says.
这正是选项C所说的。
Question 9.
问题9.
The publication was met by skepticism from scientists the world over, yet he refused to become discouraged.
该出版物遭到了世界各地科学家的怀疑，但他并未因此气馁。
This is an insert text question.
这是一个插入文本题。
one of the most challenging types of questions.
一种最具挑战性的题型。
You need to figure out where the new sentence fits best in the passage.
你需要弄清楚新句子在文中哪个位置最合适。
Try answering this one on your own first.
先自己试着回答这个问题。
This question might seem difficult, but not if you know how to approach it.
这个问题看起来可能很难，但如果你知道该如何应对，就不难了。
Here's the tip.
这里有个小技巧。
With insert text questions, always look for clues in the sentence in bold.
在填空题中，务必在加粗的句子中寻找线索。
In this case, the sentence says, the publication was met by skepticism.
在这种情况下，这句话的意思是，该出版物遭到了怀疑。
That means the sentence should come right after a mention of Wegener's book, when or how it was published.
这意味着这句话应紧跟在提到魏格纳的书及其出版时间或方式之后。
After all, how can you talk about skepticism toward a publication if the reader doesn't even know whether it was published yet?
毕竟，如果读者甚至不知道该出版物是否已经出版，你又如何能谈论对它的怀疑呢？
The third sentence of the paragraph says, Wegener first presented his theory of continental drift at a meeting and in a paper, and then as a book, Origin of Continents and Oceans, published in 1915.
段落中的第三句话提到，魏格纳最初在一次会议上和一篇论文中提出了大陆漂移理论，随后在1915年以《大陆和海洋的起源》一书出版。
That's where the sentence about skepticism belongs, right after the publication is introduced.
这就是质疑态度这一句应出现的位置，就在介绍发表之后。
So, the correct answer is C. Well done!
因此，正确答案是C。做得好！
Let's wrap things up with the summary question.
让我们用总结题来结束这部分内容。
You need to choose three main ideas that summarize the whole passage.
你需要选择三个主要观点来概括整篇文章。
Ready?
准备好了吗？
Give it a try.
试试看。
Here's what you should do to answer this question without re-reading the entire passage.
回答这个问题时，你无需重读整篇文章，只需这样做。
1.
1.
Choose the main ideas.
选择主要观点。
2.
2.
Eliminate any options that contain incorrect information or are too specific.
排除包含错误信息或过于具体的信息的选项。
Those are usually just minor details.
那些一般都只是一些小细节。
3.
3.
Choose the ones you remember clearly from earlier in the passage.
选择你从文章前面部分记得很清楚的选项。
The correct answers are A, D, and F. All of these options include key ideas we've already seen while answering the earlier questions.
正确答案是 A、D 和 F。这些选项都包含了我们在回答前面问题时已经看到的关键观点。
If you don't remember them clearly, you can always go back and quickly scan each paragraph for its main idea.
如果你记不太清楚，可以随时返回去快速浏览每一段，找出其主旨。
It's easier than you think because you already know many parts of the passage well from working on questions 1 to 9.
这比你想象的要容易，由于你已经通过做第1到第9题，对文章的许多部分都很熟悉了。
Here's a small tip.
这里有个小技巧。
As you move through earlier questions, pause briefly when you finish each paragraph and ask yourself, what was the main idea of the paragraph?
当你做前面的题目时，每读完一段就稍作停顿，问自己一下，这段的主要意思是什么？
You can even write down a few quick notes as you go.
你甚至可以在阅读时快速记下一些笔记。
This habit will save you time later when you reach the summary question.
这个习惯将在你做总结题时节省你的时间。
You've just completed half of the TOEFL reading section.
你刚刚完成了托福阅读部分的一半。
Congratulations!
祝贺！
On the real test, you'll get one more passage with the same types of questions.
在真正的考试中，你还会遇到一篇类似的阅读文章，以及一样类型的题目。
And that is it!
就是这样！
We just tackled all 10 questions from this TOEFL reading passage.
我们刚刚完成了这个托福阅读文章中的所有10道题目。
If you got 8 or more answers correct, you're already on your way to a great score.
如果你答对了8道题或更多，你已经走在取得高分的道路上了。
you struggled with any question types, drop a comment and let me know which ones gave you trouble.
如果你在某些题型上遇到困难，请在评论中告知我是哪些题目让你感到困扰。
Don't forget to subscribe to the channel for more TOEFL practice.
别忘了订阅频道，获取更多托福练习。
If you'd like personalized feedback on your speaking and writing, check out the pro package in the TOEFL course using the link below.
如果您希望获得针对口语和写作的个性化反馈，请使用下方链接查看托福课程中的高级套餐。
And remember, it's not about learning everything.
记住，这不是要学懂所有内容。
It's about learning the right things.
关键是学习正确的内容。
And now you've got a head start.
目前你已经领先一步了。
See you in the next video.
下个视频见。
Bye!
再见！
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